Abstract. Cancer is a complex genetic and epigenetic disease, which, despite intensive research, still occupies a leading position in morbidity and mortality. A common oncopathology, which is the main cause of death from malignant neoplasms, is lung cancer (LC). The bulk of these lung cancer diagnostic methods are aimed at the appearance of an already luminous tumor process in the lungs. We offer an assessment of the risk of developing LC before the manifestation of nature. The assessment is carried out using the classification model of machine learning “random forest”, which allows with high efficiency and to determine the potential risk of developing LC. During the study, genetic data of SNP 33 genes were analyzed for a sample of 300 healthy men and 214 patients with LC. Anamnestic data of patients were also collected: age, bad habits in various gradations (smoking). As a result of the analysis of genetic risk factors using the SNPStats statistical analysis software package, the most significant inheritance models were identified for the polymorphic loci XPD rs13181, TGFb1 rs1800471, CHEK2 rs555607708, EGFR rs2227984, EPHX1 rs1051740, APEX1 rs1130409, TNFα rs1800629, IL1b rs16944. To implement the claimed output, software was developed based on the data, which allows you to determine the risk of developing its LC in advance.
Key words: lung cancer; genetic polymorphism; machine learning; information technology; data analysis; coal mines
For citation: Bakanova M.L., Minina V.I., Glushkov A.N., Zakharova Ya.A., Minin A.V., Katanakhova M.V., Chernousov M.E., Kolesnikova T.G. Integrated program for prediction of the risk of lung cancer development in working coal mines of Kuzbass using the random forest machine learning model. Pisma v Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Lett Vavilov J Genet Breed. 2026;12(1):5-14. doi 10.18699/letvjgb-2026-12-02
Funding: This study was funded by the state task 1023032300035-4-3.1.3.

Abstract. The Siberian region is a zone of critical agriculture, which accounts for 20 % of the gross grain harvest of the RF. Here, in increasing yields, the influence of the variety accounts for from 30 to 50%. Here, the breeding of spring common wheat, in the zonal plan, is carried out by 5 breeding centers. At the same time, the success of breeding largely depends on the source material: the VIR collection, genotypes of local breeding and intensive, high-yielding varieties of winter wheat. Parent varieties are selected based on their ecological and geographical origin and genetic divergence, taking into account the length of their pedigrees and the limiting environmental factors in the phases of ontogenesis in the zones where they were created. It is taken into account that the products of productivity-determining genes change when limiting environmental factors change. It is necessary to take into account seven genetic and physiological systems (GFS), the combination of positive contributions of which in parents increases the productivity of their hybrids. For the purposeful creation of varieties, backcrossing BC1, BC2 are used. At the same time, the most effective selections are carried out in populations after repeated re-sowing (F4–F7). Effective is the breeding method of smallpox (one seed per offspring), which allows to preserve a significant part of their genetic components in hybrids. A fundamentally new breeding material (amphidiploids) is provided by introgressive breeding and the plasmid method in somatic hybridization. Crop breeding should be aimed at drought resistance (Siberian vs Volga type) – through the root system, the assimilation apparatus, the stage of organogenesis; increasing the effects of attraction and micro-distribution, horizontal resistance to pathogens, resistance to pre-harvest germination of grain, salt and acid resistance, and improving grain quality. The efficiency of breeding increases with ecological variety testing of the created lines, in contrasting agroecological conditions. Binary mixtures help to increase yields. The biological farming system requires a new breeding approach to the creation of varieties.
Key words: spring common wheat; breeding; source material; drought resistance; immunity; ecology; binary mixtures
For citation: Novokhatin V.V. Intensive breeding of spring common wheat (food security, import substitution). Pisma v Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Lett Vavilov J Genet Breed. 2026;12(1):15-21. doi 10.18699/letvjgb-2026-12-03
Funding: This work was carried out by the Northern Trans-Urals Research Institute of Agriculture, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

Abstract. The aim of the study was to study the anatomical and morphological features of di- (2n = 2x = 14) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) forms of winter rye Secale cereale L. using the principal component analysis (PCA). As a result, patterns that determine the resistance of plants to lodging have been identified. The research was conducted in Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region) from 2018 to 2021. 30 collectible specimens of different origins were studied, which provided a wide range of diversity. A comparative analysis revealed that tetraploid rye cultivars have a higher resistance to lodging (4.7 points), which is associated with a decrease in plant height by 9–11 %, a reduction in the length and diameter of internodes by 3–11 %, and an increase in the thickness of the stem walls by 3–19 % while reducing the number of conductive bundles in them. The data obtained can be used to create new tetraploid rye varieties with increased resistance to lodging. The PCA analysis allowed us to reduce the initial set of variables to four main components for diploid rye and five for tetraploid rye. It is worth noting that the number of conducting bundles showed high genetic stability (CV < 9 %), and the length of the first lower internode showed significant phenotypic plasticity (CV = 18.1–20.1 %), which indicates the complex nature of inheritance of this trait. The revealed anatomical and morphological parameters (plant height, length and diameter of the lower internodes, thickness of the stem walls, number of conducting bundles) are of practical importance for breeding, allowing for targeted selection of genotypes with an optimal combination of traits that control lodging resistance. As a result of the conducted research, varieties of Russian and Belarusian breeding have been identified that can be used in breeding work as sources of lodging resistance with recommended anatomical and morphological characteristics – ‘Korotkostebelnaya 69’, ‘Talisman’, ‘Tetra korotkaya’, ‘Rokot 95’ and ‘Zazerskaya 3’ Key words: winter rye; lodging; signs; feature analysis;method of main components
For citation: Ermoshkina N.N., Ageeva E.V. Studying resistance to deposition of winter rye. Pisma v Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Lett Vavilov J Genet Breed. 2026;12(1):22-30. doi 10.18699/letvjgb-2026-12-04
Funding: The work was supported by the budget project of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences No. FWNR-2026-0033.
Acknowledgements: We thank the esteemed reviewers for their careful reading of this article and their suggestions for improvement.

Abstract. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) are a dietary product due to the peculiarities of their chemical composition, determined by the genotype of the variety and the agro-climatic conditions of cultivation. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative biochemical analysis of strawberry fruits and select promising forms for breeding. During 2020–2025, 32 short-day forms of strawberries of various ecological and geographical origin were studied in the conditions of the central forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The berries were harvested at the stage of optimal ripeness, the analysis was carried out according to standard methods. The results show different levels of varietal diversity in the collection in terms of the content of the following substances: carotenoids (V = 54.1 %); titratable acidity (V = 25.7 %), anthocyanins (V = 35.9 %); total sugars (V = 14.9 %), ascorbic acid (V = 17.1 %), dry matter (V = 12.0 %). The fruit’s primary quality is taste, which was assessed using the sugar-acid ratio (SAR). Varietal diversity for this indicator was noted as high (V = 32.0 %). Using the cluster analysis, which took into account the values of sugar and acid content, as well as SAR, the varieties were divided into 7 groups. The analysis showed that different combinations of sugar and acid levels had the same SAR values, which can affect the same taste perception, but with different nutritional values of fruits. The varieties with stable indicators of “harmonious” taste throughout the research were selected for breeding: Elsanta, Feyyerverk, Kokinskaya zarya, Orlets, Rusich, Yuniya Smayds, OO/2-4-6, EF33-2011, (SAR = 6.3–10.3). Anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids have antioxidant properties, and their content in the studied varieties varied within 20.40–139.60, 12.50–62.60, 0.40–4.43 mg/100 g respectively. In Siberian conditions, the following samples were recommended as sources of high anthocyanin content: Feyyerverk (119.00 mg/100 g), Lafanya (110.28 mg/100 g), Kokinskaya zarya (99.36 mg/100 g), Onda (94.06 mg/100 g), EF2011-nl (83.37 mg/100 g), Vima Xima (75.20 mg/100 g).
Key words: Fragaria × ananassa; variety; dry matter; sugars; titrated acidity; ascorbic acid; anthocyanins; carotenoids; sugar/acid ratio; Western Siberia
For citation: Kuzmina A.A., Davydova N.V., Kuzmin A.V.A., Belykh A.M. Evaluation of the diversity of strawberry fruit quality in the foreststeppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. Pisma v Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Lett Vavilov J Genet Breed. 2026;12(1):31-40. doi 10.18699/letvjgb-2026-12-05
Funding: This work was supported by Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS budget projects No. FWNR-2026-0033.

Abstract. The success of Siberian crop production, which provides 20–25 % of all-Russian grain, is based on local varieties. A striking example is the Tulun State Breeding Station, whose effectiveness was predetermined by the scientific choice of a location with extreme but representative climatic conditions for the region. The varieties produced here, such as ‘Skala’ and ‘Tulunskaya 12’, occupied millions of hectares at Russian Federation, bringing enormous economic returns. However, during the period of Perestroika, the unique State station was unreasonably deprived of its status and relegated to a department of Irkutsk Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, which is detrimental to the Siberian Agro-industrial Complex and food security. In order to preserve the food security of the region, an urgent revival of this strategic breeding scientific center is needed.
Key words: Siberian breeding; Tulun State Breeding Station; adaptive varieties; food safety; scientific heritage
For citation: Yudin A.A., Loginov Yu.P., Kazak A.A. Tulun experimental field is an ecologically and geographically successful natural niche in Siberia for producing adaptive varieties of grain crops. Pisma v Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Lett Vavilov J Genet Breed. 2026;12(1):41-45. doi 10.18699/letvjgb-2026-12-06